DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF OLMESARTAN MEDOXOMIL, AMLODIPINE BESYLATE, CILNIDIPINE IN COMBINATION TABLET DOSAGE FORM

Objective: To develop and validate a simple, sensitive and isocratic reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of olmesartan medoxomil (OLM), amlodipine besylate (AML) and cilnidipine (CIL) in pharmaceutical tablet formulation.Methods: In this work we have taken 2 combinations, combination 1-OLM & AML and combination 2-OLM & CIL. HPLC analysis was carried out by using reverse phase isocratic elution with a C 18 column and a mobile phase of 0.05 M ammonium acetate, acetonitrile and methanol in the ratio of 30:50:20, v/v, pH was adjusted to 7.3. Detection of the analyte was achieved by using UV detector at 240 nm.Results: The retention time of olmesartan medoxomil, amlodipine besylate and cilnidipine were 2.2, 3 and 4.5 minutes respectively. Linearity of the method was found to be in the concentration range of 10-100µg/ml for olmesartan medoxomil, 5-50µg/ml for amlodipine and 10-100µg/ml for cilnidipine. The correlation coefficient value was greater than 0.999 for all the analytes.Conclusion: The method was validated as per ICH guidelines and is applied for the estimation of these components simultaneously in pharmaceutical tablet formulation.Â

A Modulation Technique for Sensorless Control of Switched Reluctance Motor

The switched reluctance motor (SRM) uniquely bears several merits with respect to other motor configurations. Especially, the construction of the rotor is simple in the sense that it neither contains copper not contains permanent magnets. Because of this construction, likelihood of rotor’s failure is less than the other motor configurations. This makes this motor more suitable for harsh environments. On the flip side, this motor cannot directly operate with AC or DC power source and needs electronic commutation. For commutation, the information on instantaneous orientation of the rotor is essential. Since inclusion of appropriate sensor adds to the cost and complexity of the system, sensor-less commutation of SRM gained interest among the researchers and has been studied extensively in literature. The techniques for sensorless control of SRM can be broadly classified into Active phase and Idle phase techniques. Idle phase techniques are generally believed to be not suitable for high speed operation beause of tail current in a phase, i.e., because of inductive nature of the phase, it takes time for flow of current to stop. This paper proposes a novel idle phase technique that is conducive for high speed operation of switched reluctance motor

2,2,4-Trimethyl-5-(4-tolyl­sulfon­yl)-2,3,4,5-tetra­hydro-1H-1,5-benzo­diazepine

In the title compound, C19H24N2O2S, the benzodiazepine ring adopts a distorted boat conformation. The S atom shows a distorted tetra­hedral geometry, with the O—S—O [119.16 (14)°] and N—S—C [107.48 (10)°] angles deviating significantly from ideal values. The crystal packing is controlled by C—H⋯O, N—H⋯O and C—H⋯π inter­actions

Results from the first Argo float deployed by India

Argo is a revolutionary concept in ocean observation system that envisages real-time sampling of the temperature and salinity profiles of the global oceans at an approximate spatial resolution of 300 km, once in ten days. Argo float is an autonomous drifting profiler that pops up and down in the ocean from the surface up to 2000 m, measuring two most important physical properties of the water column, viz. temperature and salinity as a function of pressure (depth). Moreover, it can provide an estimate of currents both at the surface and at the parking depth in near-real time. India is an active participant in the Argo programme and has already deployed 31 out of 150 proposed floats. In this article, we describe the data received from the first Argo float deployed by India in the southeastern Arabian Sea. The data demonstrate that the temperature and salinity profiles from Argo floats present possibilities for oceanographic studies and spatial and temporal scales that had been hitherto impossibl

Study on drug utilization pattern in conservative management of patients with pancreatitis in a tertiary care teaching hospital

Background: Drug utilization plays a key role in helping the healthcare system to understand, interpret and improve the prescribing, administration and use of medications. The objective of the study was to assess the drug utilization pattern of drugs prescribed in conservative management of pancreatitis patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in department of surgery, Rajah Muthiah Medical College and Hospital, Annamalai University. The study period was six months from November 2019 to April 2020. A total of 115 patients were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: The study population containing of 90% (n=104) males and 10% (n=11) females were included in the study. Most of the patients between age group of 25-44 years (48%). The most common etiology was alcoholic 68% (n=78). 7% of population with comorbidities (5% hypertension, 2% diabetes mellitus). In analgesics, tramadol (28%) and in antibiotics cefotaxime 21% was most prescribed. Lactated ringer solution (36%) was prescribed most as intravenous hydration. 7% (n=8) and 3% (n=4) of patients receiving enteral nutrition and parenteral nutrition. The average number of drugs per prescription was 8.5. Out of 1205 drugs, 61% of drugs prescribed in generic form, 39% were prescribed in brand name. The study analyzed that 69% of drugs were prescribed from essential drugs list (EDL) 2019 and 84% drugs prescribed from national list of essential medicines (NLEM) 2015. Number of prescriptions with injection were 79.07%. The overall antibiotic encounter rate 15%. Prescribed daily dose/defined daily dose (PDD/DDD) ratio of folic acid was 5.Conclusions: Drug utilization study can help in evaluating the quality of care given to the pancreatitis patients and promote rational use of medicines

Formation and characteristics of zinc phosphate coatings obtained by electrochemical treatment: Cathodic vs. anodic

Electrochemical treatment and galvanic coupling are some of the possible modes of acceleration of low temperature phosphating process. The cathodic and anodic treatments during phosphating influence the deposition mechanism, characteristic properties and the corrosion resistance of the resultant coatings in a differentway. The present paper aims to compare these aspects and to identify the possible applications of phosphate coatings obtained by these treatments

तटीय चिंगट जलकृषि में पर्यावरणीय चुनौतियाँ और इसका प्रबंधन

कृपया पूरा लेखा पढ

Formation of zinc phosphate coating by anodic electrochemical treatment

The formation of zinc phosphate coating by anodic electrochemical treatment is addrsed. The importance of the addition of nitrite, the extent of sludge formation and the eco-friendliness of the process is presented. Based on the amount of coating weight and change in potential–time measurements, a mechanism for the coating formation is proposed. The coating characteristics and corrosion resistance were evaluated. The study reveals that anodic electrochemical treatment, though enabling an acceleration of coating deposition, results in heavy sludge formation, making the process less eco-friendly. The coatings obtained by anodic phosphating are rich in phosphophyllite phase with a smaller proportion of hopeite phase and iron phosphate. Since the porosity of the anodically phosphated mild steel substrate is relatively higher, these coatings will suit applications which require higher oil-retaining capacity. The corrosion behaviour of anodically phosphated mild steel substrate in 3.5% sodium chloride solution reveals the ability of the phosphate coating to act as a barrier film towards the ingress of corrosive media

Formation of zinc–zinc phosphate composite coatings by cathodic electrochemical treatment

The formation of zinc–zinc phosphate composite coatings by cathodic electrochemical treatment and evaluation of its corrosion resistance is addressed in this paper. The cathodic phosphating process offers some unique advantages—it requires no specific addition of accelerator in the bath, it is capable of producing good quality coatings even at low temperature, it permits deposition of coatings of desired thickness, thus offering benefits in terms of energy savings, decrease in processing cost and improvement in plant life. Being a cathodic process, there is no iron dissolution and no ferric phosphate sludge formation, which renders it an eco-friendly process. Based on the amount of coating mass as a function of process variables and the potential-time measurement, a pictorial model is proposed for the deposition of zinc phosphate coating. The surface morphology of the coatings exhibits plate-like crystals. The corrosion behaviour of cathodically phosphated mild steel substrate in 3.5% sodium chloride solution exhibits the stability of these coatings, which last for a week with no red rust formation. This is due to the presence of a composite layer of zinc and zinc phosphate that acts as a mechanical barrier against further corrosion for a considerably longer time. Being a cathodic process, the possibility of hydrogenation of steel is the major limitation of this methodology